:root{--paper:#f8f7f2;--ink:#233637;--muted:#586464;--line:#ced3cc;--green:#25695e;--light-green:#c6d9cc;--orange:#a6572b;--orange-light:#f0d3b1;--blue:#4f5686;--sans:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;--serif:'Source Serif',Georgia,serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:auto;scroll-padding-top:20px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.5 var(--sans);font-synthesis:style}button,input{font:inherit}button,a,input,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{color:inherit;cursor:pointer}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{color:var(--green)}button:hover{background:#e9eee6}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,svg:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #3c6eae;outline-offset:4px}button:disabled{cursor:wait}h1,h2,h3,p,figure,fieldset,blockquote{margin:0}fieldset{padding:0;border:0;min-width:0}[hidden]{display:none!important}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 96px);max-width:1168px;margin-inline:auto}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:20px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:12px 20px;z-index:100}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}
.masthead{min-height:84px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:32px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.wordmark{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.13em;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.wordmark svg{margin-right:7px;color:var(--green)}.wordmark>span{font:italic 18px var(--serif);letter-spacing:0}.masthead-note{font:italic 15px var(--serif);color:var(--muted)}.method-link{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none}.method-link span{margin-left:12px}
.article-head{padding-top:43px;padding-bottom:44px}.eyebrow{display:flex;gap:24px;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.13em;color:var(--muted)}.eyebrow span+span{padding-left:24px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}h1{font:450 clamp(50px,6.1vw,84px)/1.03 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.043em;margin-top:20px}h1 em{font-weight:400;color:var(--green)}.opening-bottom{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,700px) 1fr;gap:64px;margin-top:23px;align-items:end}.dek{font:22px/1.45 var(--serif);max-width:650px}.data-label{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:650;line-height:1.8;position:relative;padding-left:14px}.data-label>span:last-child{font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;font-size:11px}.label-rule{position:absolute;left:0;top:4px;bottom:4px;width:2px;background:var(--green)}
.experiment{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:22px}.section-lead{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.section-lead h2{font:500 25px/1.2 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.02em}.section-lead p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.case-picker{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.case-picker label,.view-picker label{position:relative;cursor:pointer}.case-picker input,.view-picker input{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;opacity:0;cursor:pointer}.case-picker label>span{display:block;padding:14px 16px;font-size:13px;border-bottom:3px solid transparent;min-height:49px}.case-picker small{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.04em;margin-right:12px;color:var(--muted)}.case-picker input:checked+span{background:#e7ede5;border-bottom-color:var(--green);font-weight:600}.case-picker input:focus-visible+span,.view-picker input:focus-visible+span{outline:3px solid #3c6eae;outline-offset:3px}.figure-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin:22px 0 18px}.grid-note{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.grid-note>span{margin:0 10px;color:#86918d}.view-picker{display:flex;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:3px;gap:3px}.view-picker label>span{display:block;padding:7px 14px;font-size:11px;min-height:32px}.view-picker input:checked+span{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
.comparison{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:36px}.mask-figure{min-width:0}.figure-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:0 0 12px}.figure-heading>div:first-child{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center}.figure-letter{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:25px;height:25px;border:1px solid var(--ink);font-size:11px;font-weight:600}.figure-heading h3{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}.score-block{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:baseline}.score-block>span{font-size:9px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em}.score-block output{font:400 34px/1 var(--serif);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.035em}.mask{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:42/26;background:#eaf0e9;border:1px solid #cbd5ca;touch-action:pan-y}.mask .pixel{shape-rendering:crispEdges}.mask .pixel.dimmed{opacity:.17}.mask .reference-outline{stroke:#273d3c;stroke-width:.11;stroke-dasharray:.35 .24;fill:none;pointer-events:none}.mask .probe{stroke:#152c2e;stroke-width:.12;fill:none;pointer-events:none}.mask .probe-halo{stroke:#fff;stroke-width:.3;fill:none;pointer-events:none}.mask .component-label{font:bold 1.1px var(--sans);fill:white;paint-order:stroke;stroke:#243b38;stroke-width:.14;pointer-events:none}.mask-figure figcaption{padding-top:13px}.topology-line{display:flex;gap:23px;font-size:12px}.topology-line strong{font-size:19px;line-height:1;margin-right:3px;font-weight:550;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.mask-figure:last-child .topology-line{color:var(--blue)}.mask-figure figcaption>p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:7px;color:var(--muted)}
.legend-row{display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0 18px}.legend{display:flex;gap:24px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.legend li{display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;font-size:11px}.legend li>span{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);margin-left:0}.swatch{display:inline-block;width:13px;height:13px;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #879a8b}.tp{background:#5c8a77}.fp{background:repeating-linear-gradient(135deg,#c6d9cc 0,#c6d9cc 3px,#3c735e 3px,#3c735e 4px)}.fn{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f0d3b1 0,#f0d3b1 3px,#a6572b 3px,#a6572b 4px);border-color:var(--orange)}.region-2{background:#6f75a3}.outline-control{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:11px;min-height:36px;cursor:pointer}.outline-control input{accent-color:var(--green);width:16px;height:16px;margin:0 4px 0 0}.outline-swatch{height:12px;width:16px;border:1px dashed var(--ink)}.connectivity-legend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}
.experiment-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(220px,1fr) minmax(230px,1fr) auto;align-items:center;gap:48px;padding:23px 0 25px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.budget-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;font-size:12px;font-weight:500}.budget-label output{font-size:20px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:550}input[type=range]{width:100%;height:28px;margin:7px 0 0;cursor:pointer;accent-color:var(--green);background:transparent}input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-runnable-track{height:4px;background:#bac7b9;border-radius:0}input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{-webkit-appearance:none;margin-top:-6px}input[type=range]::-moz-range-track{height:4px;background:#bac7b9}input[type=range]::-moz-range-thumb{width:16px;height:16px;background:var(--green);border:2px solid var(--paper)}.range-ends{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;margin-top:-4px}.budget>p{font-size:11px;margin-top:8px;color:var(--muted)}.small-label{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:650}.equality{text-align:center}.equality p{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:17px;font-size:20px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-top:5px}.equality .equals{font-size:25px;color:var(--green)}.equality small{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);display:block;margin-top:8px}.reset{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:11px 15px;font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap}.reset span{margin-right:5px;font-size:17px}.observation{display:grid;grid-template-columns:135px 1fr auto;align-items:start;gap:25px;padding:24px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.observation .small-label{padding-top:5px}.observation p{font:18px/1.5 var(--serif);max-width:700px}.text-button{border:0;background:transparent;padding:5px 0;font-size:11px;text-align:left;min-height:36px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.inspector{display:flex;gap:32px;align-items:start;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:14px;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);min-height:49px}.inspector p{max-width:460px}.inspector output{max-width:520px;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.no-script{padding:30px;background:#ffdfbd}
.essay-section{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,680px) 1fr;gap:60px;margin-top:88px}.margin-note{padding-top:6px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.65}.section-number{font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em}.margin-note p{margin-top:25px}.prose{font:20px/1.7 var(--serif);min-width:0}.prose h2{font:450 37px/1.15 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0 0 25px}.prose p+p{margin-top:20px}.prose strong{font-weight:600}.equation{font:27px var(--serif);margin:29px 0 23px;padding:26px 8px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center;overflow-x:auto}.equation math{font-size:1em}.term-buttons{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}.term-buttons button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;padding:7px 14px;min-height:42px;font-size:12px;font-weight:650}.term-buttons button span{font-weight:400;margin-left:7px}.term-buttons button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--ink);color:white;border-color:var(--ink)}.prose .microcopy{font:11px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px;min-height:35px}.counts{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:28px 0 30px;font:12px/1.5 var(--sans);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.counts caption{text-align:left;margin-bottom:14px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted)}.counts th{text-align:left;font-weight:450}.counts td,.counts thead th:not(:first-child){text-align:right}.counts th,.counts td{padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.counts thead th{font-weight:650;font-size:10px}.counts abbr{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;margin-left:5px}.counts tr.is-highlighted{background:#e4ebdf}.small-equation{border:0;padding:10px 0;margin:20px 0}.prose .live-calculation{font:13px/1.6 var(--sans);background:#e6ece2;padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:25px;text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.structure-summary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:30px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;gap:25px}.structure-summary>div>span{font:11px var(--sans)}.structure-summary p{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;margin:10px 0 0;font-family:var(--sans)}.structure-summary b{font-size:40px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}.structure-summary b:nth-of-type(2){color:var(--blue)}.structure-summary p>span{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.structure-summary i{font:26px var(--serif);color:var(--line);margin:0 8px}blockquote{font:italic 30px/1.35 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--green);padding:10px 0 8px 25px;border-left:2px solid var(--green);margin-top:36px}
.methods{display:grid;grid-template-columns:320px minmax(0,1fr);gap:70px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:30px;margin-top:88px;margin-bottom:70px}.methods h2{font:450 32px/1.15 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.03em;margin-top:22px;margin-bottom:18px}.methods-intro>p{font:16px/1.6 var(--serif);color:var(--muted)}.repro-actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}.repro-actions button{font-size:12px;border:1px solid var(--ink);background:transparent;padding:12px 16px;min-height:44px}.repro-actions button:first-child{color:white;background:var(--ink)}.repro-actions button>span{margin-left:12px}.methods #repro-status{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 26px}#link-fallback{width:100%;padding:10px;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:20px;font-size:12px}details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:13px}details:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}summary{padding:17px 25px 17px 0;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;font-weight:550;list-style:none;position:relative}summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}summary:after{content:'+';position:absolute;right:2px;font-size:20px;font-weight:300;top:9px}details[open]>summary:after{content:'−'}details p{margin-bottom:17px;font:16px/1.65 var(--serif)}.references{padding-left:20px;line-height:1.6;font-size:12px}.references li+li{margin-top:15px}footer{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:25px 28px}footer p,footer>a{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}footer small{flex-basis:100%;font-size:9px;color:var(--muted)}
@media(min-width:1500px){.article-head{padding-top:50px}h1{font-size:90px}}
@media(max-width:1000px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 56px)}.opening-bottom{gap:32px;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr}.dek{font-size:20px}.comparison{gap:25px}.score-block{gap:6px}.score-block output{font-size:29px}.figure-heading h3{font-size:12px}.figure-heading>div:first-child{gap:7px}.figure-letter{width:21px;height:21px;font-size:10px}.experiment-controls{gap:25px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr auto}.observation{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr;gap:15px}.observation button{grid-column:2}.essay-section{grid-template-columns:145px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.methods{grid-template-columns:250px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}}
@media(max-width:700px){html{scroll-padding-top:12px}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.masthead{min-height:68px;gap:12px}.wordmark{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.wordmark svg{width:21px;height:21px;margin-right:3px}.masthead-note{display:none}.method-link{font-size:11px}.article-head{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:34px}.eyebrow{font-size:8px;gap:12px;letter-spacing:.08em}.eyebrow span+span{padding-left:12px}h1{font-size:clamp(43px,10.1vw,64px);line-height:1.06;margin-top:20px;letter-spacing:-.045em}.opening-bottom{display:block;margin-top:20px}.dek{font-size:19px;line-height:1.5}.data-label{margin-top:22px;font-size:8px}.data-label>span:last-child{font-size:10px}.section-lead{display:block;margin-bottom:17px}.section-lead h2{font-size:25px}.section-lead p{margin-top:5px;font-size:11px}.case-picker label>span{padding:10px 8px;min-height:67px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.3}.case-picker small{display:block;font-size:8px;margin-bottom:6px}.figure-toolbar{align-items:start;gap:8px;margin:16px 0}.grid-note{font-size:9px;max-width:135px;line-height:1.65}.grid-note>span{margin:0 3px}.view-picker label>span{padding:8px 10px;min-height:34px;font-size:10px}.comparison{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.figure-heading{padding-bottom:11px}.figure-heading h3{font-size:13px}.figure-letter{width:22px;height:22px}.score-block output{font-size:32px}.score-block>span{font-size:8px}.mask-figure figcaption{padding-top:10px}.mask-figure figcaption>p{font-size:11px;margin-top:4px}.topology-line{font-size:11px}.topology-line strong{font-size:18px}.legend-row{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding-block:16px 13px}.legend{gap:18px}.legend li{font-size:10px;gap:5px}.legend li>span{font-size:8px}.outline-control{font-size:10px;min-height:36px}.connectivity-legend{font-size:10px;min-height:20px}.experiment-controls{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:25px 12px;padding-top:18px}.budget{grid-column:1/-1}.budget>p{font-size:10px}.equality{text-align:left}.equality p{justify-content:start;gap:13px;font-size:19px}.equality small{font-size:8px;max-width:230px}.equality .small-label{font-size:8px}.reset{padding:10px 12px;min-height:44px;font-size:11px}.observation{display:block;padding:20px 0}.observation p{font-size:17px;margin:9px 0 10px}.text-button{min-height:40px}.inspector{display:block;font-size:9px;min-height:80px}.inspector output{display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:8px}.essay-section{display:block;margin-top:52px}.margin-note{margin-bottom:22px;padding:0}.margin-note p{margin-top:9px;max-width:360px;font-size:11px}.prose{font-size:18px;line-height:1.7}.prose h2{font-size:31px;margin-bottom:19px}.equation{font-size:22px;padding-block:22px;margin-top:24px}.term-buttons{gap:7px}.term-buttons button{font-size:11px;padding:8px 11px;min-height:44px}.term-buttons button span{margin-left:4px}.counts{font-size:11px}.counts th:first-child{max-width:180px}.counts abbr{margin-left:3px}.prose .live-calculation{font-size:12px;padding:14px 10px}.structure-summary{gap:14px}.structure-summary>div>span{font-size:9px}.structure-summary p{gap:6px}.structure-summary b{font-size:34px}.structure-summary i{margin-inline:4px}blockquote{font-size:25px;padding-left:18px}.methods{display:block;margin-top:55px;margin-bottom:42px;padding-top:24px}.methods h2{font-size:30px;margin-top:17px}.methods-content{margin-top:24px}.repro-actions{gap:8px}.repro-actions button{font-size:11px;padding:11px 12px}.repro-actions button>span{margin-left:7px}footer{gap:15px;padding-top:20px}footer p{font-size:9px}footer>a{font-size:10px}footer small{font-size:8px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
@media print{.masthead,.case-picker,.view-picker,.experiment-controls,.term-buttons,.repro-actions,footer>a,.inspector,.text-button{display:none}.wrap{width:100%}.article-head{padding-top:0}h1{font-size:50px}.comparison{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px}.essay-section,.methods{display:block;margin-top:35px}.mask-figure,.equation{break-inside:avoid}body{background:white}.mask{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}}
